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End-Stage Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in Southern Iraq: Clinical Characteristics and a Distinct Cardiometabolic Profile Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis

Article C Peer reviewed Observational

Key takeaways

In southern Iraq, many people have kidney failure with no clear cause. This study looked at 394 people on dialysis. It shows a link between this unknown cause and heart and metabolic issues, not proof of cause.

Who did this work

Ahmed Luaibi Kadhim Al-Abdullah

Source

Article · OpenAlex, CKD works · 2026-11-01
https://doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.2026.7.11.6