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The APOL1 protective M1 modifier occurs exclusively with the KIK protein haplotype to suppress channel conductance

Preprint C Not peer reviewed Observational

Key takeaways

Some people of African ancestry carry APOL1 gene variants that raise their risk of kidney disease a lot. Another small gene change, called M1, is linked to much lower risk in people who carry the G2 risk version. Using two large community genetic databases, researchers found M1 only shows up alongside one specific version of the gene. This is a genetic link study, not proof of cause, and it has not yet been checked by other scientists (a preprint).

Source

Preprint · medRxiv nephrology preprints · 2026-09-15
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362999v1?rss=1