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Iron, ESA, and HIF-Inhibitors: Are There Other Opportunities to Improve Anemia of CKD?

Key takeaways

Many people with kidney disease become anemic, meaning they have too few red blood cells. That causes tiredness and shortness of breath. This review walks through the main treatments: iron, drugs that copy the blood building hormone EPO (called ESAs), and newer pills called HIF inhibitors. It asks what else might help people who stay anemic despite all three. It is a review of work already published, so it reports no new results.

Who did this work

Mario Bonomini (University of Chieti-Pescara) · Lucia Del Vecchio (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lariana) · Roberto Minutolo (University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli") · Vittorio Sirolli (University of Chieti-Pescara) · Francesco Locatelli (Alessandro Manzoni Hospital)

Source

Paper · OpenAlex, CKD works · 2026-09-11
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15187070