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Urinary heavy metal and trace element mixtures in chronic kidney disease: associations and implications for potential reverse causality.

Article C Peer reviewed Observational

Key takeaways

This review found associations between urinary metals and CKD. However, these findings may be due to reverse causality: kidney disease changes how the body excretes metals.

Who did this work

Xie S · Vaucher J · Perrais M · Thomas A · Marques-Vidal P

Source

Article · PubMed, CKD severity and reversal · 2026 Jul 29
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42583340/